This is the larva of a the Cecropia moth (Hyalophora cecropia). The cecropia moth is the largest moth in North America, having a wingspan up to six inches across. This specimen was eating ash, but there is a great variety of plants that it will take. These are members of the family Saturniidae.
All images are ŠEric D. Sterns, and may not be reproduced in any way without written consent.